The chapter 5 review questions

1. Which of the following is not an organic molecule?

a. cellulose b. sucrose c. water d. testosterone
Answer: C. water



2. Which of the following terms includes all the other terms on this list?a. polysaccharide b. carbohydrate c. monosaccharide d. glycogen
Answer: B. Carbohydrate

3. Which term is most appropriate to describe a molecule that dissolves easily in water? a. hydrocarbon b. hydrophobic c. hydrophilic d. organic
Answer: C. Hydrophilic

4. Cholesterol is an example of what kind of molecule?a. protein b. lipid c. amino acid d. carbohydrate

Answer: B. Lipid


5. The 20 amino acids vary only in their a. carboxyl groups. b. side groups .c. amino groups. d. lipid groups.
Answer: C. Amino groups

6. A specific reactant an enzyme acts upon is called the a. catalyst. b. sucrase. c. active site. d. substrate.
Answer: a. Catalyst

7. An enzyme does which of the following?

a. adds heat to a reaction, speeding it up b. lowers the activation energy of a reaction c. cools a reaction, slowing it down d. raises the activation energy of a reaction
Answer: D. Raise the activation energy of a reaction



Short Answer8. Besides satisfying your hunger, why else might you consume a big bowl of pasta the night before a race?


9. How are glucose, sucrose, and starch related?

They are all used as energy for a animal. and plants.




10. What are steroids? Describe two functions they have in cells.
One of function is hydrophobic, circulates our body in our body as

chemical signals.

11. How are polypeptides related to proteins?
Both are made out of amino acid



12. How does denaturation affect the ability of a protein to function?

summary 5.3

Lipid and hydrophobic

lipid: Definition - One of class of water- avoiding compounds.
Property:It act as a boundary that surrounds and contains the aqueous contents of your cell.
Hydrophobic:water avoiding compounds.
Fat:Organic compound consisting of a three carbon backbone attached to the three fatty acids.




statured fat: It's a fat in which all three fatty acid chains the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms.

Unstatured fat: It's a fat with less than the maximum number of hydrogens in one or more of its fatty acid chains .
Diet: If there is many unstatured fats included in your diet, it's unhealthy.

Steroid:lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings.
It's hydrophobic.
some steroids circulate our body as chemical signal.
Cholesterol: It's the best know steroid and it's an essential molecule found in the memberanes that surrounds our cell
concept check
1.What is property does lipid share?
Lipids act as a boundary that surrounds and contains the aqueous contents of your cells.
2.What are the parts of fat molecule?
Saturated fat and unsaturated fat.
3.Describe two ways that steroids differents from fat
Differ from function and structure, such as fat circulates our body as chemical signal
4.what does unsaturated fat on a food label?
Those are the things mainly made out of vegetables.

Summary 5.1

Organic molecule:

• Definition : carbon-based molecule





• It's made out from bond between carbon atoms.
  
  
  
  
  

Inorganic molecule:

• Definition : just opposite of organic molecule(non carbon-based molecule)
  




• Examples: Water(H2O),Oxygen(O2),Ammonia(NH3)

Hydrocarbons:

• Definition:It's the bond between only carbon and hydrogens.




• It's worldwidely used important fuel,such as Methane the fuel used to heat up home.Hydrogen and Nitrogen are frequently found in organic molecules.




• Examples:Methane(CH4)

Functional group:

• Definition: It's a group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predictable ways with other molecule.




• Some of the functional groups are important in the chemistry of life




• The carbon skeleton and the attached functional group determine the properties of an organic molecule

Hydrophilic:

• Definitions:It means attract water molecules




• Most organic molecules that contain hydroxyl groups are hydrophilic.

Monomers:

• Definition:Small molecular unit that is the building block of a larger molecule

Polymers:

• Definition:Long chain of small molecular units




• It's a straight chain of monomers,much as a train is a string of many individual cars.




• Every living cell has thousands of different kind of polymers.




• When monomer is added to a chain, a water molecule is released.

Concept check5.1

1.

2.Connection between polymers and monomers is that polymers connect monomers in straight line.
3.A water molecule, dehydration reaction.
4.